There are big debates on how long the good bacteria can survive before dying when oxygen and heat go. Regarding bacteria: Some say 4 hours, some say over 24 hours before you see ammonia spiking. You can take measures to try and avoid problems. Wrap a blanket around the tank to keep heat in. If you have external filters with primers you can pump some water through every half hour, but ideally have a battery powered air pump that you can move between tanks and filters. I had a power cut recently, but it was short - only four hours - so didn't have to worry too much and nobody died.
